Moses (peace be upon him) was a great prophet, messenger, and law-bringer who is mentioned in great detail and uniformity in the Quran, the Torah (Old Testament), and the Bible (New Testament). He is also remembered for his communication with God. Below are the common events of his life that all these divine books agree on.
Birth and Childhood
Oppression and Danger
At the time of Prophet Moses (peace be upon him), the king of Egypt, Pharaoh, was very cruel to the Children of Israel, the descendants of Prophet Jacob, and had their newborn sons killed because he was afraid that any boy born to the Children of Israel would cause the downfall of his kingdom.
Throwing into the River
To save him from this fear, according to the command or inspiration of God, the mother of Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) put him in a box and threw him into the Nile River.
Raising in Pharaoh's House
The ark reached Pharaoh's palace and Pharaoh's wife took it out. They adopted the child as their own son and thus Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) was raised in Pharaoh's house.
Meeting the Mother
When the child did not respond to any of the midwives' milk, Prophet Moses' (peace be upon him) sister, who was following him, offered that she knew a woman who could raise the child well. Thus, Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) was returned to his real mother so that she could breastfeed him and keep his eyes cool.
Journey to Midian and Marriage
Involuntary Manslaughter
In his youth, Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) saw a Copt (Egyptian) killing a Bani Israelite. While helping the Bani Israelite, he struck the Copt with his fist, which killed him.
Escape from Egypt
Fearing this murder and to escape the wrath of Pharaoh, Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) migrated from Egypt to Midian.
Meeting and Marriage with Shuaib (peace be upon him)
In Midian, he helped two girls who were watering their cattle. The father of these girls was the elder Prophet Shuaib (peace be upon him), also called "Re'ael" or "Jethro" in the Bible, who was a prophet. Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) worked for him for many years and married one of his daughters.
The Beginning of Prophethood and Miracles
The Divine Word on Mount Sinai
After the appointed period was over, Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) was returning to Egypt with his family. On his way, close to Mount Sinai, he noticed a fire. When he arrived there, God Almighty spoke to him directly and entrusted him with His prophethood and mission. Here he was given two important miracles: the rod (staff) and the white/illuminated hand.
The assistance of Aaron (peace be upon him)
At the request of Moses (peace be upon him), his brother Aaron (peace be upon him) was also made his partner and assistant prophet.
The invitation to Pharaoh
By the command of God, the two brothers returned to Egypt to invite Pharaoh and his people to worship God and free the Children of Israel from slavery.
The confrontation with the miracles
Pharaoh rejected the miracles of Moses (peace be upon him) and called him a sorcerer. Moses (peace be upon him) confronted Pharaoh's sorcerers and overpowered them with his miracles.
The Release of the Children of Israel and Crossing the Sea
The Exodus of the Children of Israel
After several signs and punishments from God, Pharaoh was forced to allow the Children of Israel to leave Egypt and Moses (peace be upon him) took the Children of Israel and left Egypt.
The Flooding of the Nile River
Pharaoh and his army pursued the Israelites to the Red Sea. By God's command, Moses (peace be upon him) struck the sea with his staff, and the sea parted, making a dry path for the Israelites.
The Destruction of Pharaoh
The Israelites crossed the sea, but when Pharaoh and his army came to this path, the water returned and Pharaoh and his army drowned.
The Journey to the Desert and the Revelation of the Torah
Manna and Salwa
During their 40 years journey in the Sinai Desert, God Almighty provided the Israelites with food such as "manna and salwa," a type of food and quail.
The Revelation of the Tablets of the Torah
On Mount Tur, Moses (peace be upon him) was given the tablets on which God's law and orders, including the Ten Commandments, were written, which are called the Torah. These commandments are still the basic law for the Israelites today.
Calf worship
During the time of Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) on Mount Tur, a Samaritan from among the Israelites made a calf which the people started worshipping as their god. Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) returned and advised his people to stop this polytheism and destroyed the calf.
Death and Burial
According to the Christian/Jewish: Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) died in the land of Moab and was buried in a valley; the location of his grave is unknown to this day.
According to Islamic: The Holy Quran mentions many aspects of Moses' life, but the details of his death are not clearly stated in the Quran; according to Islamic traditions and hadiths, he was near the Holy Land/Moab at the time of his death and the exact location of his grave is unknown.
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